How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative PROCESS and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

Investigation of the effectiveness of simultaneous ADSORPTION and biodegradation (SAB) PROCESS over individual PROCESSes by using microbes Rhizopus oryzae and Stemphylium loti with granular activated carbon (GAC) as adsorbent was carried out. The maximum removal efficiency of cyanide had been achieved by biodegradation alone was 83% by R. oryzae, while it was 90% by S. loti at initial pH of 5.6 and 7.2 respectively and at initial CN- concentration of 150 mg/L. In the combined PROCESS efficiency of R. oryzae closer to S. loti (95.3% and 98.6% respectively).

In this study, a nano-layer polydopamine (PDA) coated superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs) was applied to investigate the asphaltene ADSORPTION-desorption behavior using a model solution. In this PROCESS, Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) spectroscopy of the polydopamine/MNP core/shell (MNP@PDA) before and after asphaltene ADSORPTION was indicated the attachment of asphaltene molecules on the polymeric nano-adsorbent surface. The isotherms and kinetics of the asphaltene ADSORPTION PROCESS on the MNP@PDA were studied. The good prediction of asphaltene ADSORPTION by the modified Langmuir model indicated that ADSORPTION occurs on an MNP@PDA surface by multilayer ADSORPTION. Also, within the kinetic models, the double-exponential model can fit the experimental data well. The obtained results revealed that about 90% removal for asphaltene happened within 30 min which can be acceptable. The results of this study showed that natural polymers can be used for surface modification of nanoparticles and use it successfully for asphaltene ADSORPTION from prepared asphaltene-toluene solution.

Introduction: Innovative PROCESSes for treatment of industrial effluents containing dyes and heavy metals are often used to reduce the toxicity of these compounds in order to reach the refining standards. Recently, a special focus on innovative PROCESSes took place for physical and chemical removal by new absorbent, biomass absorption, membrane filtration, radiation, and electrochemical coagulation. In this study, the recent developments and application of different treatment methods was analyzed for dyes removal from industrial wastewater.Methods: This study extracted from 45 articles of different sites between 1997 until 2014, which it was evaluated the advantages and limits of ADSORPTION PROCESS. The main operating conditions affecting on the absorption PROCESS such as pH, temperature, concentration of pollutants and dose of contaminants were evaluated for dyes treatment.Conclusion: This review study indicated that the pH factor was frequently studied and its impact has been widely studied in treatment of contaminated wastewater with dyes. Previous studies had shown that ADSORPTION PROCESS will be the most promising methods of treatment in the complex systems at the near future. ADSORPTION PROCESS for removing of organic contaminants and metals recovery systems have shown a good performance in the batch reactor. Among of conventional PROCESSes, ADSORPTION is known as one of the most effective technology for wastewater treatment of organic and inorganic pollutants with concentrations less than 1000 mg/l. It is important to note that the cost of treatment method varies depending on the used PROCESS and the local conditions. In general, the key factors in choosing a method are usability of method, simplicity of design and cost benefits. The ADSORPTION PROCESS provided all benefits and it is suitable for the removal of dyes from wastewater.

The ADSORPTION characteristics of riboflavin onto silver-deposited iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Ag/Fe3O4) have been described. Characterization of the synthesized Ag/Fe3O4 nanoparticles was achieved by FTIR spectra, TEM image and XRD pattern. The influence of several experimental parameters such as nanoparticles dosage, pH of the sample solution, different orientations of the riboflavin molecules toward Ag/Fe3O4 surface, riboflavin concentration, contact time of the reagents, temperature, ionic strength and presence of halide anions were studied. Experimental data indicated that Ag/Fe3O4 nanoparticles adsorb more than 90% of riboflavin under the optimum experimental conditions of the adsorbent dosage of 4. 0 mg, a pH of 6. 0, and a contact time of 2. 0 min, when an initial riboflavin concentration of 0. 02 mM is used. The results revealed that the presence of halide anions lower the ADSORPTION of riboflavin on the surface of nanoparticles due to dissolution of the silver layer of the nanoparticles. It was found that the ADSORPTION isotherm is best fitted to Dubinin-Radushkevich and Freundlich models and kinetic model followed a pseudo-second-order ADSORPTION rate.

Removing dye pollutants from industrial waste water is a common environmental application of nanomaterials. This study investigated in-situ synthesis and adsorbing ability of a magnetic nanocomposite based on graphene for both cationic and anionic dyes. To determine composite structure, chemical bonds, morphological and magnetic features X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) were examined and adsorbent capacity (function of solution pH, time of removal and material content ) for Methyl Orange (MO), Methylene Blue (MB), Crystal Violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RhB) by two method (Isotherm Langmuir and Isotherm Freundlich) were studied. Experimental results of Iron-Graphene nanocomposite showed average removal adsorbent of 70% in 30 minutes and removing by external magnetic field in a minute. This study shows that the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite advances for high amount of pollutant cleaning in a short time by using small amount of materials.